Ulwazi oluyisisekelo lwe-fiber optical

Ukusungulwa kwe-fiber optical kuhilekele inguquko emkhakheni wokuxhumana. Uma kungekho fiber ye-Optical ukuhlinzeka iziteshi eziphakeme kakhulu ezinesivinini esikhulu, i-Intanethi ingahlala kuphela esigabeni sethiyori. Ukube ikhulu lama-20 leminyaka kwakuyinkathi kagesi, khona-ke le minyaka engama-21 inkathi yokukhanya. Ukukhanya kufinyelela kanjani ukuxhumana? Ake sifunde ulwazi oluyisisekelo lokuxhumana okubonakalayo kanye nomhleli ngezansi.

Ingxenye 1. Ulwazi oluyisisekelo lokusakazeka kokukhanya

Ukuqonda amagagasi akhanyayo
Amagagasi akhanyayo empeleni angamagagasi e-electromagnetic, futhi esikhaleni samahhala, i-wavenweth kanye nemvamisa yamagagasi e-electromagnetic alingana kakhulu. Umkhiqizo walezi ezimbili ulingana nesivinini sokukhanya, okungukuthi:

Hlela ama-wavelength noma amaza amagagasi e-electromagnetic ukuze wakhe i-electromagnetic spectrum. Ngokuya ngama-waveghths ahlukene noma amaza ahlukahlukene, amagagasi e-electromagnetic angahlukaniswa esifundeni semisebe, isifunda se-ultraviolet, isifunda esibonakalayo, isifunda se-infrared, isifunda se-microwave, isifunda seRadio Wave, kanye nesifunda seRadio Wave. Amabhendi asetshenziselwe ukuxhumana ikakhulukazi ikakhulukazi esifundeni esingenhla, isifunda se-microwave, kanye nesifunda somsakazo. Lesi sithombe esilandelayo sizokusiza uqonde ukwahlukaniswa kwamabhendi okuxhumana kanye nemidiya yokusakazeka ehambelana nayo ngemizuzu.

I-protagonist yalesi sihloko, "ukuxhumana kwe-fiber optic," kusebenzisa amagagasi akhanyayo ebhendi ye-infrared. Uma kukhulunywa ngaleli phuzu, abantu bangase bazibuze ukuthi kungani kufanele babe sebhande le-infrared? Le ndaba ihlobene nokulahleka kokudluliselwa kwe-fiber okubonakalayo, okungukuthi ingilazi ye-silica. Okulandelayo, kudingeka siqonde ukuthi imicu emihle idlulisela kanjani ukukhanya.

Ukuphikisana, ukuboniswa, kanye nokubonakaliswa okuphelele kokukhanya

Lapho ukukhanya kukhishwa kusuka entweni eyodwa kuya kwenye, ukubhekisisa kanye nokuboniswa kwenzeka endaweni ebonakalayo phakathi kwezinto ezimbili, kanye ne-angle yokuphikisana kukhuphuka nge-angle yokukhanya kwesigameko. Njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso ① → ②. Lapho i-angle ehlengekile ifinyelela noma idlula i-angle ethile, ukukhanya okubukhali kuyanyamalala futhi konke ukukhanya kwesigameko kukhonjiswa emuva, okuwukukhombisa okuphelele kokukhanya, njengoba kukhonjisiwe ku-② → ③ kulokhu okulandelayo.

Izinto ezihlukile zinezinkomba ezihlukile ezi-Deapy, ngakho-ke ijubane lokusakazeka kokukhanya liyahlukahluka kumidiya ehlukene. Inkomba evulekayo imelelwa ngu-n, n = c / v, lapho i-C ingu-velocity ku-vacuum and v yi-velocity yokusakazeka endaweni ephakathi nendawo. I-medium enenkomba evulekayo evulekayo ibizwa nge-medium eminyene, kanti eliphakathi nenkomba evulekayo ephansi ibizwa ngokuthi yi-sparse medium. Izimo ezimbili zokubonisa ngokuphelele ukuthi:
1
2. I-angle yesigameko inkulu noma ilingana ne-angle ebucayi yokuboniswa okuphelele
Ukuze ugweme ukuvuza kwesiginali ye-Optical futhi unciphise ukulahleka kokuhambisa, ukudluliswa kwe-optical emiculweni ye-optical kwenzeka ngaphansi kwezimo ezibonakalayo.

Ingxenye 2. Isingeniso semidiya yokusakazeka ye-Optical Propagation (i-fiber optic)

Isakhiwo se-fiber optic

Ngolwazi oluyisisekelo lokusakazwa okukhanyayo okuphelele, kulula ukuqonda ukwakheka kwe-Design for Fibers. I-fiber engenakile ye-optical fiber ihlukaniswe ngezingqimba ezintathu: ungqimba wokuqala umnyombo, otholakala enkabeni ye-fiber futhi wakhiwa nge-silicon dioxide ephezulu, eyaziwa nangokuthi ingilazi. I-Core ububanzi ngokuvamile yi-9-10 microns (imodi eyodwa), ama-microns angama-50 noma angama-62.5 (imodi ehlukahlukene). I-fiber core inenkomba evulekayo ephakeme futhi isetshenziselwa ukudlulisa ukukhanya. Ungqimba lwesibili lwesendlalelo: etholakala ezungeze umgogodla wefayibha, futhi eyakhiwa ngengilazi ye-silica (enobubanzi bama-microns angu-125). Inkomba evulekayo yokuqothula iphansi, yakha isimo esiphelele sokubonisana kanye ne-fiber core. Isendlalelo sesithathu sokuhlanganisa: Isendlalelo sangaphandle siyi-resin coating eqinisiwe. Izinto ezivikelayo ezivikelayo zinamandla aphezulu futhi zikwazi ukumelana nemithelela emikhulu, zivikele i-fiber optical kusuka ekuguguleni kwamanzi kanye nokuguguleka kwemishini.

Ukulahleka kokudluliselwa kwe-Optical

Ukulahleka kokuhanjiswa kwe-fiber optic kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ethinta ikhwalithi yokuxhumana kwe-fiber optic. Izici eziphambili ezibangela ama-atchation of amasiginali we-optical afaka ukulahleka kwezinto zokwakha, ukusakazeka ukulahleka ngesikhathi sokudluliselwa, nokunye ukulahleka okubangelwa yizinto ezifana nokugoba i-fiber, ukucindezelwa kanye nokulahleka kwe-docking.

I-wavelength yokukhanya ihlukile, futhi ukulahleka kokuhambisa emiculweni ye-optical nakho kuhlukile. Ukuze unciphise ukulahleka futhi uqinisekise umphumela wokuhambisa, ososayensi bazibophezele ekutholeni ukukhanya okufanele kakhulu. Ukukhanya ebusweni be-wavenweth ~ 1260nm ~ 1360NM kunokuhlanekezela okuncane kakhulu kwesiginali okubangelwa ukuhlakazeka kanye nokulahleka okuphansi kakhulu kokutholwa. Ezinsukwini zokuqala, lesi sahlanga samukelwa njengebhendi yokuxhumana. Kamuva, ngemuva kwesikhathi eside sokuhlola nokuzilolonga, ochwepheshe bafingqe kancane kancane ibanga eliphansi le-wavelength (1260nm ~ 1625nm), elilungele kakhulu ukudluliselwa emicu. Ngakho-ke amagagasi akhanyayo asetshenziswa ekuxhumaneni kwe-fiber optic ngokuvamile ebhendi ye-infrared.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-fiber optic

I-Multimode Optical Fiber: Idlulisela izindlela eziningi, kepha i-Inter Stal Modal Disppession ikhawulela imvamisa yokudlulisela amasiginali edijithali, futhi lokhu kulinganiselwa kuba nzima ngokwengeziwe ngebanga lokuhambisa. Ngakho-ke, ibanga lokudluliswa kwe-multimode fiber optic lifushane, imvamisa amakhilomitha ambalwa kuphela.
I-fiber eyodwa yemodi eyodwa: ngohlobo oluncane kakhulu lwe-fiber, ngokweqiniso imodi eyodwa kuphela engadluliselwa, okwenza kube lula ukuxhumana okukude.

Ingxenye 3. Ukusebenza komgomo wohlelo lokuxhumana nge-Fiber Optic

Uhlelo lokuxhumana lwe-Fibrical Fibrical

Imikhiqizo yezokuxhumana esetshenziswa kaningi, njengezingcingo namakhompyutha namakhompyutha, dlulisa imininingwane ngendlela yezimpawu zikagesi. Lapho uqhuba ukuxhumana kwe-Optical, isinyathelo sokuqala ukuguqula amasiginali kagesi abe yizimpawu zokubona, zihambise ngezimpawu ze-fiber optic, bese ziguqula amasiginali we-Optical abe amasiginali kagesi ukufezekisa inhloso yokudluliselwa kolwazi. Uhlelo lokuxhumana oluyisisekelo luqukethe i-Optical Transmitter, owemukelayo, kanye nomjikelezo we-fiber optic wokudlulisa ukukhanya. Ukuze uqinisekise ikhwalithi yokudluliswa kwesiginali yebanga elide futhi uthuthukise i-bandwidth yokuhambisa, abaphindayo abaphindayo kanye nabaningi abaningi basetshenziswa.

Ngezansi kwesingeniso esifushane kumgomo wokusebenza wengxenye ngayinye ohlelweni lokuxhumana lwe-Fiber Optic.

I-Optical Transmitter:Iguqula amasiginali kagesi abe amasiginali e-Optical, ikakhulukazi ahlanganiswe ama-modworators wesiginali nemithombo ekhanyayo.

Isiginali MultipleCer:Imibhangqwana eminingi ye-Optical Carrical Carriers yama-wavelength ahlukene kwifayibha efanayo yokudlulisela, ukufeza umphumela wokuphindaphinda umthamo wokudlulisela.

I-Optical Repeater:Ngesikhathi sokudluliselwa, ukuqina kwesiginali kuzowohloka, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukubuyisa i-waveform ku-waveform ye-waveform yasekuqaleni futhi uthuthukise amandla okukhanya.

Isiginali Demilglecker:Ukubola ngesiginali eningiliziwe kwizimpawu zayo zangempela.

Okokuthola okwemukelayo:Iguqula isiginali ye-Optical etholwe ibe yisiginali kagesi, ikakhulukazi esakhiwa i-PhotoDetor kanye ne-demodulator.

Ingxenye 4. Izinzuzo kanye nokusebenzisa ukuxhumana kwe-Optical

Izinzuzo zokuxhumana okubonakalayo:

1. Ibanga elide lokudlulisela
Ukuthatha ukuhanjiswa kwama-gbps ayi-10 (ama-10 billion 0 noma amasiginali ayi-1 ngomzuzwana) wolwazi, uma kusetshenziswa ukuxhumana kukagesi, isiginali idinga ukudluliswa futhi iguqulwe njalo ngamamitha ayikhulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa nalokhu, ukusebenzisa ukuxhumana kwe-optical kungafinyelela ibanga lokudluliswa kwamakhilomitha angaphezu kwe-100. Izikhathi ezimbalwa isiginali ziyalungiswa, zinciphise izindleko. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, impahla ye-Optical fiber yi-silicon dioxide, enezindawo eziningi ezigciniwe nezindleko eziphansi kakhulu kune-wire. Ngakho-ke, ukuxhumana kwe-Optical kunomphumela okonga umnotho kanye namandla.

2. Ukuhanjiswa kolwazi okusheshayo nekhwalithi yokuxhumana ephezulu

Isibonelo, manje lapho ukhuluma nabangane phesheya noma ukuxoxa ku-inthanethi, umsindo awukho njengokukhanya njengakuqala. Esikhathini sesikhathi sokuxhumana ngocingo, ukuxhumana kwamanye amazwe kuncike kakhulu kuma-satellite okufakelwa njengoba kudluliselwa ekudluliseleni, okuholela ezindleleni ezinde zokudlulisela kanye nokufika kwesiginali kancane. Futhi ukuxhumana okubonakalayo, ngosizo lwezintambo zokungaphansi komhlaba, kunciphisa ibanga lokuhambisa, okwenza ukudluliswa kolwazi kusheshe. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenzisa ukuxhumana kwe-Optical kungafinyelela ukuxhumana okubushelelezi naphesheya kwezilwandle.

3. Ikhono elinamandla lokulwa nokuphazamisa kanye nobumfihlo obuhle

Ukuxhumana ngogesi kungathola amaphutha ngenxa yokuphazanyiswa kwe-electromagnetic, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwekhwalithi yezokuxhumana. Kodwa-ke, ukuxhumana kwe-Optical akuthinteki umsindo kagesi, okwenza kuphephe futhi kuthembeke kakhulu. Futhi ngenxa yomgomo wokuboniswa okuphelele, isiginali iboshelwe ngokuphelele kwi-fiber optical yokudlulisela, ngakho-ke ubumfihlo buhle.

4. Ikhono elikhulu lokudlulisa
Ngokuvamile, ukuxhumana ngogesi kungadlulisela kuphela ama-10GBPS (ama-10 billion 0 noma amasiginali ayi-1 ngomzuzwana) wolwazi, ngenkathi ukuxhumana kwe-Optical kungadlulisela i-1TBPS (1 trillion 0 noma 1 amasiginali) wolwazi.

Ukusetshenziswa kokuxhumana kwe-Optical

Kunezinzuzo eziningi zokuxhumana okubonakalayo, futhi kuhlanganiswe kuwo wonke amagumbi ezimpilo zethu selokhu kuthuthukiswa. Amadivayisi afana nezingcingo eziphathwayo, amakhompyutha, namafoni asebenzisa i-Intanethi xhuma wonke umuntu esifundeni sabo, izwe lonke, ngisho nasenethiwekhi yokuxhumana emhlabeni jikelele. Isibonelo, amasiginali akhishwa ngamakhompiyutha kanye nezingcingo eziphathwayo aqoqeni eziteshini zezokuxhumana zendawo opharetha kanye nemishini yomhlinzeki wenethiwekhi, bese zidluliselwa ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zomhlaba ngendwangu ye-fiber optic ngezintambo zemikhumbi engaphansi komhlaba.

Ukuqashelwa kwemisebenzi yansuku zonke njengezingcingo zevidiyo, ukuyothenga online, imidlalo yevidiyo, kanye nokubuka konke kuncike ekusekelweni kwayo nosizo ngemuva kwezigcawu. Ukuvela kwamanethiwekhi abonakalayo kwenze izimpilo zethu zintofontofo kakhudlwana futhi zibe lula.